IPV6 addresses
IP protocol is the most widely used protocol in the networking world. All equipment manufacturers are implementing this standard in their router operating systems. Because every device on the internet has to be assigned an IP addres and exhaustion of widely used IPV4 standard addresses many providers and enterprises are planning and migrating to IPV6 address space.
The main significant change in the IPV6 framework is that instead of 32 bit space IPV6 uses 128 bit address space architecture. As with this information ipv6 address consists of 16 parts of eight bit sections. The address consists of global routing prefix, subnet identification and the interface identification. For an example IPV6 address looks like this: 2002:0000:4436:e378:8000:63bf:3fff:fdd2.
One of the slight differences from the packet header perspective is the IPV6 simplfied header. Creating this header design the router has faster response as it has less fields to go trough.
Important differences we can see that the new simplified IPV6 header does not use the checksum field. Also the Time to Live is replaced with the Hop Limit field. IPv6 hosts are required to determine the optimal Path MTU before sending packets; however, it is guaranteed that any IPv6 packet smaller than or equal to 1280 bytes must be deliverable without the need to use IPv6 fragmentation.
The IPV6 address is still using some architecture like the IPV4.
The blue text presents the network part of the ipv6 and the other one is the interface identifier. Under IPv4 we have the old familiar unicast, broadcast and multicast addresses. In IPv6 we have unicast, multicast and anycast. With IPv6 the broadcast addresses are not used anymore, because they are replaced with multicast addressing.
IPv6 address
We can group the ipv6 addresses in several scopes and uses.
Global Addresses - Unique, global addresses used on the Internet. They use the following prefix 2000::/3.
Link Local Addresses - Used to communicate with hosts on the same physical or logical network. These addresses start with FE80::/10
Site Local Address - The equivalent of RFC1918 (private addresses) but they are being deprecated. They start with FEC0::/10 prefix.
Multicast Address - Multicast replaces broadcast (along with unicast). The addresses use the following prefix: FF00::/8.
The IPV6 address of 2001:0DB8:C003:0001:0000:0000:0000:F00D can be represented in shorter format by removing leading zeros: 2001:DB8:C003:1:0:0:0:F00D
Further reduction by removing consecutive fields of zeros using the double-colon :: option. Note the double-colon can be used only once 2001:DB8:C003:1::F00D
IPv6 host addresses can be assigned in multiple ways:
When IPv6 is used over Ethernet networks, the Ethernet MAC address can be used to generate the 64-bit interface ID for the host. This is called the EUI-64 address. Since MAC addresses use 48 bits, additional bits must be inserted to fill the 64 bits required.
A lot of useful information can be found on the Cisco site.
http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/ipv6/index.html
One of the slight differences from the packet header perspective is the IPV6 simplfied header. Creating this header design the router has faster response as it has less fields to go trough.
Important differences we can see that the new simplified IPV6 header does not use the checksum field. Also the Time to Live is replaced with the Hop Limit field. IPv6 hosts are required to determine the optimal Path MTU before sending packets; however, it is guaranteed that any IPv6 packet smaller than or equal to 1280 bytes must be deliverable without the need to use IPv6 fragmentation.
The IPV6 address is still using some architecture like the IPV4.
2002:0000:4436:e378:8000:63bf:3fff:fdd2
IPv6 address
We can group the ipv6 addresses in several scopes and uses.
Global Addresses - Unique, global addresses used on the Internet. They use the following prefix 2000::/3.
Link Local Addresses - Used to communicate with hosts on the same physical or logical network. These addresses start with FE80::/10
Site Local Address - The equivalent of RFC1918 (private addresses) but they are being deprecated. They start with FEC0::/10 prefix.
Multicast Address - Multicast replaces broadcast (along with unicast). The addresses use the following prefix: FF00::/8.
The IPV6 address of 2001:0DB8:C003:0001:0000:0000:0000:F00D can be represented in shorter format by removing leading zeros: 2001:DB8:C003:1:0:0:0:F00D
Further reduction by removing consecutive fields of zeros using the double-colon :: option. Note the double-colon can be used only once 2001:DB8:C003:1::F00D
IPv6 host addresses can be assigned in multiple ways:
- Static configuration
- Stateless autoconfiguration
- DHCPv6
When IPv6 is used over Ethernet networks, the Ethernet MAC address can be used to generate the 64-bit interface ID for the host. This is called the EUI-64 address. Since MAC addresses use 48 bits, additional bits must be inserted to fill the 64 bits required.
A lot of useful information can be found on the Cisco site.
http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/ipv6/index.html
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